Note: In all examples "author" means author's name written last name first with a comma and then the author's first name.
Briefly credit sources with parenthetical citations in the text of the paper and give the complete descriptions of each source in the Works Cited.
**To check to see when a page was last updated, just click in the Address Bar
and type:
javascript:alert(document.lastModified) A
dialog box displays the last date and time that the page was modified.
| Books |
Periodicals
|
Internet
Resources |
Guidelines
for Referencing |
Other Sources
|
Placement of Citations |
| Infotrac | Ask a Librarian |
| ONE
AUTHOR Author. Title of Book. Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print. |
| TWO
AUTHORS Author and second author's name first name. Title of Book. Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print. |
| THREE AUTHORS Author, 2nd author's name and 3rd author's name . Title of Book. Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print. |
| FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS Author, et al. Title of Book. Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print. |
| NO AUTHOR SHOWN Title of Book or pamphlet. Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print |
| EDITOR OF A COLLECTION OF
WRITINGS Editor's name, last name first. Title of Book. Publishing city:Publisher, year. Print. |
| TWO OR THREE EDITORS Editor last name first, editor and editor, eds. Title of Book. Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print. |
| SACRED TEXT Title of Book . Publishing city: Publisher, year. Print |
Articles from Magazines, Newspapers & Journals
| FROM A WEEKLY MAGAZINE Author. "Title of article in magazine." Magazine day month year:pages. Print. |
| FROM A MONTHLY OR QUARTERLY
MAGAZINE Author. "Title of article in magazine." Magazine month year:pages. Print. |
| NO AUTHOR SHOWN "Title of article in magazine." Magazine day month year:pages. Print. |
| FROM BIOLOGY DIGEST Author." Title of article" Biology Digest Vol . #. Issue (Date); page. Print. |
| SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ENTRY Author. "Title of article." Name of Journal Vol. ? (date) : pages. |
| NEWSPAPER Author. "Title of article." Name of Newspaper Day Month Year, sec. # : pages. Print. |
Sections Within Books
| POEM or SHORT STORY in an ANTHOLOGY Author of story. "Title of Story." Title of Book. Name of Editor. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page numbers of the story. |
| ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE Author given: Author. "Title of article." Name of encyclopedia . Year edition. Print. |
| ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE or DICTIONARY
No Author given: "Title of article." Name of encyclopedia. Year edition. Print. |
| ARTICLE IN A BIOGRAPHY REFERENCE BOOK--CURRENT
BIOGRAPHY Author of article." Title of article." Name of reference book . Editor of book. Volume number. Publishing city: Publisher, Year. Page numbers. Print. |
For
Latest update and Date of Access use date
format: day month year
|If paragraphs are numbered, use:
(Horner, pars. 19-20). pars. = parargraph
At NTCHS
URLs will be required. However, instructors outside Sunburst may not require
them.
| WITH AUTHOR Author. Title of work. Title of Web site. Sponsor or publisher of site. Latest update . Web. Date of Access. < URL>. |
| AUTHOR UNKNOWN Title of work. Title of Web site. Sponsor or publisher of site. Latest update. Web. Date of Access. < URL>. |
| SHORT WORK FROM WEB
SITE Author. " Title of work". Title of Web site. Sponsor or publisher of site. Latest update . Web. Date of Access. < URL>. |
| E-MAIL Writer's name. "Title." (From Subject line of the message). Message to author. Date. E-mail. |
| Infotrac Full Text Article: Author. "Article Title." Title of magazine date of magazine:page numbers. List the section Infotrac that you used, such as Student or Expanded Academic ASAP. Web.. Date accessed. |
| *Cite director(Dir.) and lead actors(Perf.) or narrator (Narr.) medium
( Film or DVD)* Ttitle of video clip. *Web Page Title. Date of access <URL network address>. |
| ONLINE WORK OF ART Artists name. Title of art work. Date of composition. Title of web site. Web. Date of access. <URL network address>. |
| MAP, CHART, GRAPHIC Name of creator. "Title of item." Publisher or sponsor. Date of publication. Web. Date of access. <URL network address>. |
| ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA Author."Title of Item." Title of Encyclopedia. Year. Web. Date of access. <URL network address>. |
ONLINE MAGAZINE * N.p. if there is no publisher. |
Ghosh, Bobby. "Five Reasons for Hope in Iraq." Time. Time, Inc., 3 Dec. 2008. Web. 3 Dec. 2008.< http://www.time.com/time/world>.
| PERSONAL INTERVIEW Person interviewed. Personal Interview. Date. |
| TELEPHONE INTERVIEW Person interviewed. Telephone interview. Date. |
| RADIO INTERVIEW WITH TITLE Person interviewed. Title of program by name of interviewer. Name of show. Channel, city, date. |
| TELEVISION AND RADIO PROGRAMS If your reference is primarily to the work of an individual, cite that person before the title. Otherwise, other pertinent information (writer, director, producer, narrator, etc.) Should be given after the main title of the program with is in italics/bold. Portion of program cited. Name of Program. NETWORK. Station, City. Day, month, year. Television. |
| UNPUBLISHED LETTER Author of letter. Letter to (person receiving letter) date. Holder of letter (museum or individual), city. |
| LETTER RECEIVED BY THE AUTHOR (YOURSELF) Person who sent the letter. Letter to your name. Date. |
| RECORDING Person who's voice is on the recording. "Title of song." Title of Album, Recording company, date. |
| MAPS AND CHARTS Title of map. Map. Publishing city: Publisher. Date. (if accessed online give Web. and date accessed, then URL) |
BASIC CONTENT AND FORM OF PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS
These examples assume that the author or work has not been names in
introducing the source information.
| Works by one author
Author's last name and a page reference |
(Jones 99) |
| Works by more than one author
All author's last names (or first author and et al. if over three) and a page reference |
(Richter and Merrill 98)
(Spencer et al. 384) |
| Works with a title only Full title (if short) or a shortened version and page reference |
(World Almanac 394)
("Fitzgerald" 5) |
| More than one work: Two citations from different sources in
same sentence.
Citations, with page numbers, separated by semicolons |
(Bjorklund 57; Moquin 20) |
Internet resources ONLY USE "par.", "sec.", or "screen" if these are numbered on web. |
(36). |
1. Put the citation close to the information it documents, but try not to interrupt sentences. Place it at the end of a sentence or at another point of punctuation.
2. Place the citation before the punctuation mark of the sentence,
clause or phrase you're documenting.
EXAMPLE: The League was a strong
confederation of nations that were related by language and culture but had a
history of being separate and quarrelsome (Jennings 362-63).
3. For a direct quotation that ends a sentence, place the citation after the
quotation mark but before the end punctuation mark.
EXAMPLE: The
Onondagas were the "firekeepers" (Johansen 24).
4. For a quote of 5 or more lines indent from both margins and single space.
Do NOT use quotation marks. DO use a citation.
The list of Works Cited contains all the sources that you cite in your
paper. Works Cited is a broader term than Bibliography, which refers only to
printed information. Don't include in the Works Cited pages sources that you
looked at but did not refer to. (Some teachers, however, may want you to list
all sources consulted. If so, prepare a Works Consulted list.)
1. Center the heading WORKS CITED* on a separate page from your report.
2. Alphabetize the sources by the authors' last names. If a source has no author, alphabetize it by the first word of the title, ignoring an initial A, An or The.
3. Begin each entry on a separate line. Start the first line of the entry at the left margin. Then indent the second and subsequent lines five spaces. Double space entries.
4. If you list two or more sources by the same author, put the author's name only in the first entry. For the subsequent entries, put three hyphens where the author's name would be, followed by a period.
---. Title of author's work. City:Publisher, year. Date.
* Use References or Works Cited as the title of the page when the paper includes in text citations. Otherwise, use the title Bibliography.
WORKS CITED
Hauptman, Laurence M. Telephone interview. 5 Oct.
2006.
Look What I
Like. All about me. The Press. 1 Oct. 2006. Web. 3 Sept. 2008. < http://
johnson.net>.
Monet, Claude. The Japanese bridge over the Water-Lily Pond. 1899. Claude Monet Paintings.A. Cauderlier. Web. 10 Oct. 2008.
asdf
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<http://www.intermonet.com>.
This page was updated 11 Nov 2008.